Law Enforcement & Police

Counterintelligence Investigation vs Criminal Investigation

Counterintelligence investigations work on a national and international level to find spies and prevent espionage against the country. Criminal investigations work on a smaller and national level to solve a particular crime by searching for evidence.
Mandatory vs Indispensable

Mandatory means something that has been handed down in a mandate or has been commanded. Indispensable means something that is important and cannot be ignored or is necessary. Mandatory is backed by laws or some type of rules, but indispensable is something that’s subjective and not required by rules or laws.
Decriminalization vs Legalization

Decriminalization is the process of not considering something a crime anymore. Decriminalizing something may involve reducing the criminal penalties rather than removing them completely. Legalization, on the other hand, is the process of removing the criminal penalties from something. In most cases, this includes nearly all of the penalties.
Citizen vs Civilian

The term citizen denotes a person who is generally accepted as a resident or subject of a country by its government. The term civilian, on the other hand, denotes any person who is not part of the military or any armed forces.
Murder vs Assassination

Murder is the killing of one human being by another. It is usually done for personal reason such as love, anger, or greed. An assassination is the murder of an important person which is conducted for political or religious reasons.
Detention vs Arrest

Detention is when the police or any authority holds someone under suspicion but have not charged them with a crime. Arrest is when the police charges someone with a crime and then takes them into custody.
Extortion vs Blackmail

Extortion refers to intimidating or threatening the person with violence in exchange for monetary compensation, blackmail, on the other hand, refers to threatening the person with social, emotional, or professional ruin in exchange for either monetary compensation or doing something the blackmailer wants.
Minor vs Juvenile

A minor refers to somebody who is not yet an adult, at least not in the eyes of the law. The person can be a child or a teenager, as long as they can’t be called as adult. Juvenile may indicate or reference legality. While it does technically mean young, the term is often also used in the sense of the law, where it refers to a young person who has been accused of a crime.
Lokpal Bill vs Jan Lokpal Bill

The Lokpal Bill, and the subsequent Jan Lokpal Bill are both anti corruption bills that aimed to address the rampant corruption in India. The first Lokpal Bill was introduced in 1968 and was passed by the Lok Sabha in 1969; however it did not get passed by the Rajya Sabha. The Jan Lokpal Bill was a newer version of the bill that was introduced in 2011.
Lokpal vs Lokayukta

The Lokpal is the central governing body that has jurisdiction over all Members of Parliament and central government employees in cases of corruption. The Lokayuktas are similar to the Lokpal, but function on a state level.
Interpol vs Europol

Interpol, short for International Criminal Police Organization, is an intergovernmental body for facilitating international police organization. Europol, short for European Police Office, is a law enforcement agency solely for the European Union and its members.
Bail vs Parole

The term bail refers to paying a certain amount to the government in return of freedom before the date of the trial. A parole is really different from a bail. A parole happens after the accused has been given the sentence and set a jail time. A parole is when a person gets some time off from their jail sentence in order to fulfill some requirements.
Lawyer vs Judge

A lawyer is a person who practices law, whereas a judge is a person who presides over the law.
Felony vs Misdemeanor

Felony and Misdemeanor are types of crimes which are distinct from each-other. A "felony" is a crime which involves a potential punishment of one year or longer in prison. While, a "misdemeanor" is a lesser criminal act which are punished less severe than felonies.
Law vs Ethics

Law is defined as a legal system that comprises of rules and principles set by the ruling authority to govern over the affairs of the community. While, ethics are defined as moral guidelines set, put forth and followed by an individual.

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